Biology Questions

Fermentation is the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

The two most common types of fermentation are

(1) alcoholic fermentation (and) 

(2) lactic acid fermentation.

(1) Alcoholic fermentation : the type of fermentation in which ethyl alcohol is the main end product .This is very common in yeast (unicellular fungus) and also seen in some bacteria. Yeast cells release enzymes called zymase complex which bring about the fermentation. The reactions are similar to anaerobic respiration.

(2) Lactic acid fermentation : The type of fermentation in which lactic acid is the end product.

It is carried out by some bacteria (e.g. lactic acid bacteria), and also by animals (muscle glycolysis in animals, under oxygen deficiency, results in the formation of lactic acid this is whay we experience in muscle cramps, or "Charley horse").

A cytoskeleton acts as a frame that gives a cell its shape, protects it to an extent, and helps with cellular motion.

The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate. In the human skeleton, it consists of 80 bones and is composed of six parts; the skull bones, the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column.

Bones of shoulder, thigh and foot are the part of appendicular skeleton. 

Hence, Vertebral column is the part of axial skeleton.

Polyunsaturated fats are healthy fats whcih we can get from eating greeny leaf vegetables, fish and some seeds that are helpful in brain functioning, nutrient rich blood, hair growth, etc...

Testosterone is the hormone which is associated with aggression.

When you breathe in air through your nose, it contains lots of tiny things, like dust, dirt, germs, and pollen.

The air enters our body through the nose. However, before it enters the lungs, it must be heated and purified. Many dust particles that enter along with the air are removed in the nose by mucus and thus it protects lungs.

Chloroplasts contains chlorophyll, the green substance in plants that allows them to create food from carbon dioxide and water called as photosynthesis.