World History Questions

The development in arts and letters known as the Renaissance(rebirth) was a revived interest in classical learning and culture in the 1300's and the 1400's in Italy, but later spread to other parts of Europe.

The Renaissance involved new thought because it was a secular movement. During the feudal period, the Catholic Church was the center of learning; in fact, the medieval scholar had been concerned with the harnessing of reason in the defense and service of religion. But, with the end of feudalism and increased trading outside of Europe, new ideas emerged and the Renaissance scholar became more concerned with the secular side of things. Furthermore, poets and philosophers concerned themselves with the natural world, rather than theology. One reason for the scholarship in Italy is the fact that Greek scholars emigrated to Italy after the invasion of the Ottoman Turks who captured Constantinople. These scholars brought with them classical texts and manuscripts, which helped to revive interest in classical learning and arts.

Along with the Greek scholars, Italian scholar Petrarch is felt to be a major impetus to the rebirth of culture and learning. Having a passionate interest in the rediscovery of lost Roman manuscripts and a strong belief in the power of ancient thought to civilize, his ideas certainly complemented those who valued classical learning.

Megasthenes was an ambassador for Greek Empire.

Axis powers, the coalition headed by Germany, Italy, and Japan that opposed the Allied powers in World War II.

The "Axis powers" formally took the name after the Tripartite Pact was signed by Germany, Italy, and Japan on 27 September 1940, in Berlin.

The pact was subsequently joined by Hungary (20 November 1940), Romania (23 November 1940), Slovakia (24 November 1940), and Bulgaria (1 March 1941) and these were the nations that fought in World War II against the Allied forces.

It refers to the failed attack on Castro's Cuba launched by a group of exiles in April 1961

Buddhism is a tradition that focuses on personal spiritual development. The founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama. He founded Buddhism in the 5th Century BCE.

National Sovereignty is the condition of a nation that has self-rule, a stable government and the right to exist without interference from other nations.

Whereas

Demilitarization is the process of reducing and even eliminating the armed forces of a nation.

Social Darwinism was a prominent intellectual theory that was used to justify European Imperialism in the 19th and early 20th centuries.

Social Darwinism held that those made better or worse by industrialization were based on the natural predisposition of the people effected. For those who were made better off, the success of those people demonstrated that they had a well-evolved culture and this expansion would help remove or improve underperforming cultures, which were those "chosen" by the fact that they were performing poorly.

Imperialism may encompass a broad range of meanings, including the foreign occupation of one nation by another; one society's control of the internal politics of another; and, especially, foreign extraction of a less powerful nation's natural resources and/or exploitation of its indigenous human resources.

All in all, according to the Social Darwinist, Imperialism was the natural expansion and success of a well-evolved culture and this expansion would help remove or improve underperforming cultures.