Interview Questions

Q:

For printing out strings, there are echo, print and printf. Explain the differences.

Answer - echo is the most primitive of them, and just outputs the contents following the construct to the screen. print is also a construct (so parentheses are optional when calling it), but it returns TRUE on successful output and FALSE if it was unable to print out the string. However, you can pass multiple parameters to echo, like:

and it will output the string "Welcome to TechInterviews!" print does not take multiple parameters. It is also generally argued that echo is faster, but usually the speed advantage is negligible, and might not be there for future versions of PHP. printf is a function, not a construct, and allows such advantages as formatted output, but it’s the slowest way to print out data out of echo, print and printf.
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Q:

Would you initialize your strings with single quotes or double quotes?

Answer Since the data inside the single-quoted string is not parsed for variable substitution, it’s always a better idea speed-wise to initialize a string with single quotes, unless you specifically need variable substitution.
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Q:

How do you call a constructor for a parent class?

Answer parent::constructor($value)
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Q:

Are objects passed by value or by reference?

Answer Everything is passed by value.
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Q:

Explain the ternary conditional operator in PHP?

Answer Expression preceding the ? is evaluated, if it’s true, then the expression preceding the : is executed, otherwise, the expression following : is executed.
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Q:

How do you pass a variable by value?

Answer Just like in C++, put an ampersand in front of it, like $a = &$b
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Q:

How do you define a constant?

Answer Via define() directive, like define ("MYCONSTANT", 100);
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Q:

What’s the difference between include and require?

Answer It’s how they handle failures. If the file is not found by require(), it will cause a fatal error and halt the execution of the script. If the file is not found by include(), a warning will be issued, but execution will continue.
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