Accounting and Finance Questions

If an outstanding check of the previous month clears the bank (is paid by the bank) in the current month, you simply remove that check from the list of outstanding checks.

If an outstanding check of the previous month does not clear the bank in the current month, the check will remain on the list of outstanding checks until the month that it does clear the bank.

In the bank reconciliation process, the total amount of the outstanding checks is deducted from the balance appearing on the bank statement.

A non-po is an invoice which does not have po(purchase order).However, these invoices requires approval for authorized person/persons to process for payment.

BRS - Bank Reconciliation Statement

A bank reconciliation statement is a statement prepared by organizations to reconcile the balance of cash at bank in a company's own records with the bank statement on a particular date.

The differences may arise because of the following reasons:

     - Cheques deposited into bank but not yet collected by bank

     - Cheques issued by the organization but not yet presented for payment

     - Cheques directly deposited by customers into the bank

     - Bank charges debited by bank

     - Interest credited or some receipts directly collected by bank based on org. request.

     - Some payments directly made by bank based on the organizations request.

So, the statement shows the reasons as what are the reasons for difference in balance.

Back end collections means like commission on sales or commission on providing services.
Front end collections means like sales and providing services

The way in which a bank keeps money in a deposit account in the same way the Depository company converts share certificates into electronic form and keep them in a Demat account.

The difference between Debentures and Preferential Shares is as follows:

1) Person holding debentures has owed money to a company, while Preferential Shareholder could be considered as a partial owner of the company.

2) A Preference shareholder earns dividends if the company is making profits, however a debenture holder needs to be paid irrespective of making profits or losses.

3) A debenture holder would be paid the capital invested at the end of a stipulated term. A preference shareholder is not promised return of capital invested; instead he earns dividends till the time the company exists and is profitable.

4) A debenture holder earns interest on the capital invested till the capital is not returned, while a preference shareholder is paid dividends till the time the company exists.

Bad loans in banking terminology are generally known as NPA's. A Non - performing Asset (NPA) is defined as a credit facility in respect of which the interest and installment of principal have remained 'past due' for a specified period of time.