Questions

A spanning tree is a tree associated with a network. All the nodes of the graph appear on the tree once. A minimum spanning tree is a spanning tree organized so that the total edge weight between nodes is minimized

Aggregate demand is the total demand for final goods and services in an economy at a given time.

A.D. = C + I + G + (X-M)

where,

A.D. is Aggregate Demand

C is consumption expenditure

I is Investment expenditure

G is Government expenditure and

(X-M) are Net exports (expenditure on Exports).

There are certain assumptions underlying the law of demand, which are as follows:

i. Assumes that the consumer’s income remains same

ii. Assumes that the preferences of consumer remain same.

iii. Considers that the fashion does not show any changes, because if fashion changes, then people would not purchase the products that are out of fashion.

iv. Assumes that there would be no change in the age structure, size, and sex ratio of population. This is because if population size increases, then the number of buyers increases, which, in turn, affect the demand for a product directly.

v. Restricts the innovation and new varieties of products in the market, which can affect the demand for the existing product.

vi. Restricts changes in the distribution of income.

vii. Avoids any type of change fiscal policies of the government of a nation, which reduces the effect of taxation on the demand of product.