During the Mughal Empire, zamindars belonged tothe nobility and formed the ruling class. Emperor Akbar granted them mansabs and their ancestral domains were treated as jagirs.

In some respects of zamindars and the peasants were natural allies in any struggle against the Mughal government.

The Zamindars often received the support of the peasantry in many agrarian uprisings in North India in the seventeenth century.

Sources of the seventeenth century refer to two kinds of peasants –khud-kashta and pahi-kashta. The pahi-kashta were non-resident cultivators who belonged to some other village but cultivated lands elsewhere on a contractual basis. People became pahi-kashta either out of choice –for example, when terms of revenue in a distant village were more favourable –or out of compulsion –for example, forced by economic distress after a famine.

The temperate forests are called Sholas in the Nilgiris, Anaimalai and Palani hills.Moist deciduous forests: Major Species: Teak, sal, shisham, hurra, mahua, amla, semul, kusum, and sandalwood etc. are the main species of these forests.

Alluvial Soils

The proportion of nitrogen is generally low, but potash, phosphoric acid and alkalis are adequate, while iron oxide and lime vary within a wide range.

Black Soils

Chemically, the black soils are rich in lime, iron, magnesia and alumina. They also contain potash. But they lack in phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter.

Laterite Soils

With rain, lime and silica are leached away, and soils rich in iron oxide and aluminium compound are left behind.

In vacuum and in homogeneous, transparent media, such as air, water, and glass, light moves in a straight line. When light encounters a boundary between two different transparent media, some light is reflected and some moves from the first into the second medium.

On the basis of magnetic properties, substances are classified into three groups namely diamagnetic, paramagnetic and ferromagnetic.

As solids diffuse and reorder very slowly under ambient conditions, the net, directionally dependent (anisotropic) magnetic moment can persist. Conversely, liquids and gases freely tumble and reorder: water rearranges every few pico seconds (10^12 times per second).

Hence liquids and gases can never show ferromagnetic properties.

A photon’s relativistic momentum is given by the equation,E = pc where p is the momentum.

P = 10 MeV/c

So, E = 10 MeV