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Q:

The DoD model (also called the TCP/IP stack) has four layers. Which layer of the DoD model is equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI model?

A) Application	B) Host-to-Host
C) Internet	D) Network Access

Answer & Explanation Answer: C) Internet

Explanation:

The four layers of the DoD model are Application/process, Host-to-Host, Internet, and Network Access. The Internet layer is equivalent to the Network layer of the OSI model.

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Q:

Which class of IP address provides a maximum of only 254 host addresses per network ID?

A) Class A	B) Class B
C) Class C	D) Class D

Answer & Explanation Answer: C) Class C

Explanation:

Class C network address has only 8 bits for defining hosts : $2^{8} - 2 = 256 - 2 = 254$

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Q:

What must happen if a DHCP IP conflict occurs?

A) Proxy ARP will fix the issue	B) The client uses a gratuitous ARP to fix the issue
C) The administrator must fix the conflict by hand at the DHCP server	D) The DHCP server will reassign new IP addresses to both computers

Answer & Explanation Answer: C) The administrator must fix the conflict by hand at the DHCP server

Explanation:

If a DHCP Conflict is detected, either by the server sending a ping and getting response or by a host using a gratuitous ARP (arp'ing for its own IP address and seeing if a host responds), then the server will hold that address and not use it again until it is fixed by an administrator.

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Q:

How does DHCP client ensure that no other computer has its assigned IP address?

A) Acknowledge receipt of a TCP segment	B) Ping to its own address to see if a response is detected
C) Broadcast a Proxy ARP	D) Broadcast a gratuitous ARP

Answer & Explanation Answer: D) Broadcast a gratuitous ARP

Explanation:

To stop possible address conflicts , a DHCP client will use gratuitous ARP (broadcast an ARP request for its own IP address) to see if another host responds.

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Q:

You want to implement a mechanism that automates the IP configuration, including IP address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS information. Which protocol will you use to accomplish this?

A) SMTP	B) SNMP
C) DHCP	D) ARP

Answer & Explanation Answer: C) DHCP

Explanation:

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is used to provide IP information to hosts on your network. DHCP can provide a lot of information, but the most common is Ip address, subnet mask, default gateway, and DNS information.

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Q:

Convert the following from binary format to decimal IP address.

11001100.00110011.10101010.01010101

Answer

$\begin{matrix} Binary & 128 & 64 & 32 & 16 & 8 & 4 & 2 & 1 &Decimal \\ 11001100& 1& 1& 0& 0 & 1 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 204\\ 00110011& 0& 0& 1& 1& 0 & 0 &1 & 1 & 51\\ 10101010& 1& 0& 1 & 0 & 1 & 0& 1 & 0& 170\\ 01010101& 0& 1& 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 85 \end{matrix}$

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Q:

Convert the following from decimal IP address to binary format.

192.168.10.15

Answer

$\begin{matrix} Decimal & 128 & 64 & 32 & 16 & 8 & 4 & 2 & 1 &Binary \\ 192& 1 &1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 11000000\\ 168& 1 &0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 0 & 0 & 10101000\\ 10& 0& 0 &0 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 1 & 0 & 00001010\\ 15& 0 &0 & 0 & 0 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 1 & 00001111 \end{matrix}$

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Q:

Differentiate a MAC address and an IP address and describe how and when each address type is used in a network?

Answer

A MAC address is a hexadecimal number identifying the physical connection of a host. MAC addresses are said to operate on layer 2 of the OSI model. IP addresses, which can be expressed in binary or decimal format, are logical identifiers that are said to be on layer 3 of the OSI model. Hosts on the same physical segment locate one another with MAC addresses, while IP addresses are used when they reside on different LAN segments or subnets. Even when the hosts are in different subnets , a destination IP address will be converted to a MAC address when the packet reaches the destination network via routing.

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