An electric charge always flows from a body at higher potential to a body at a lower potential irrespective of the amounts of charges contained in them. In the question , no current flows. So there is no potential difference. 

As there is no atmosphere surrounding the moon, the second from any band that is played there cannot travel outwards there is no material medium surrounding if for its propagation.

Beats means the periodic increase and decrease in loudness heard when two notes of nearly the same frequency are sounded simultaneously.

Black surfaces are good emitters of heat. If the black surface is rough too, the emitting will be better. Shinning surfaces reflect black radiation . So if the black surface is also shining the effectiveness of emitting heat is lessened.

The resistance of metallic conductors e.g, platinum, increases with rise of  temperature . The increase in temperature results in a decrease of current which can be recorded in a galvanometer if the conductor is included in an electrical circuit. Thus the temperature can be known; platinum resistance thermometer is used generally for accurate scientific work. When two dissimilar metals are joined at the ends, and these ends are subjected to a difference of temperature, a current flows through the metals. Greater the difference of temperature , greater the current. So the curent strength can form the basis for measuring the difference in temperature. And when one of these temperatures is known, we can calculate the other.

Before transferring the fish, the position is the man with the fish and the bucket of water. After transferring the position is : the man without the fish, but the fish inside the water in the bucket. Thus to know whether there is any change in weight, it is enough to consider whether there is any change in weight when the fish in air is transferred into the water. The answer is there is no change as when in water though it loses weight due to upthrust of water on it, the level of water increases and exerts an equal force at the bottom

Flows out of Newton's first law of motion.