A metaphor is a figure of speech that is used to make a comparison between two things that aren't alike but do have something in common.

In all the given options we have Metaphors.

The Deputy Chairman of the Rajya Sabha presides over the proceedings of the Rajya Sabha in the absence of the Chairman of the Rajya Sabha. The Deputy Chairman is elected internally by the Rajya Sabha.

NDA's Harivansh Narayan Singh becomes Rajya Sabha Deputy Chairperson on the opponent Hari Prasad.

Given BEAR, if you remove EAR only remains with 'B'.

Hence, we call it as 'B', a bear without an ear.

Muthuvel Karunanidhi was an Indian writer and politician who served as Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu for five terms and twenty years between 1969 and 2011. He passed away on 7th August in Kauvery Hospital due to prolonged illness.

A Dome-shaped, muscular and membranous structure that separates as a partition of the thoracic and abdominal cavities is Diaphragm. 

Thoracic or chest cavity ::  It is the cavity where the heart and lungs are present. It is the second largest hallow space in the body.It also has vertebral column, ribs, breast bone,...

Abdominal cavity :: It is the cavity where the digestive tract, liver, kidneys, the spleen, pancreas,... are located. It is the largest hallow space of the body.

One word substitute for A person who loves everybody is Altruist. Altruism is the belief that the well-being of others is equally, if not more, important than the well-being or survival of the self. Further, altruism involves selfless acts or undertakings that put the welfare of others before one's own.

A Skeleton is what is whole but incomplete, have no eyes, yet can see. We can see, and see right through it. The largest part is one fourth of what it once was i.e body.

A person or scientist who studies on water is called as Hydrologist. Since the study of water and its properties is known as Hydrology, the persons who deals with this field are known as Hydrologists.

Geographer :

A scientist who studies Earth's natural environment and how human society uses the natural environment.

Herpetologist :

A person who studies reptiles and amphibians.

Archeologist :

Someone who studies people and what they did in the past from the things they left behind.