Interview Questions

Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) are basic accounting principles and guidelines are concepts that govern the field of accounting.

Accounting principles and guidelines include :

* Business Entity Assumption

* Accounting Period

* Historical Cost Concept

* Full Disclosure Principle

* Cost Principle

* Matching Principle

* Materiality

* Monetary Unit Assumption.

An application plan or package is generated by the bind to define an access path. 

A HTML form should be build before uploading the file. The following HTML code is used for selecting the file that is to be uploaded. The type attribute of input must be “file”.

<form enctype="multipart/form-data" action="uploader.php" method="POST">

<input type="hidden" name="MAX_FILE_SIZE" value="100000" />

Choose a file to upload: <input name="uploadedfile" type="file" /><br />

<input type="submit" value="Upload File" />

</form>

At the time of executing uploader.php, the uploaded file will be stored in a temporary storage are on the webserver. An associative array $_FILES['uploadedfile']['name'] is used for uploading. The ‘name’ is the original file that is to be uploaded. Another associative array $_FILES['uploadedfile']['tmp_name'] is used for placing the uploaded file in a temporary location on the server and the file should be empty and should exist with the tmp_name.

The following code snippet is used for uploading the file.

$target_path = "uploads/"; // the target location of the file

$target_path = $target_path . basename( $_FILES['uploadedfile']['name']);

if(move_uploaded_file($_FILES['uploadedfile']['tmp_name'], $target_path)) 

{

       echo "The file ". basename( $_FILES['uploadedfile']['name']). 

        " has been uploaded";

}

else

{

      echo “There was an error while uploading the file”;

}

The function move_uploaded_file()is used to place the source file into the destination folder, which resides on the server.

If the uploading is successful, the message “The file filename has been uploaded. Otherwise the error message “There was an error while uploading the file” would be displayed.

Prices do not reflect the full social cost of production is an example of Market failure.

A market failure occurs when the supply of a good or service is insufficient to meet demand. This results in an inefficient distribution of resources among market participants.

It also occurs if externalities are not accounted for.

If a firm fails to maximize its profits this is not a general market failure.

AlertDialog : An alert dialog box supports 0 to 3 buttons and a list of selectable elements, including check boxes and radio buttons. Among the other dialog boxes, the most suggested dialog box is the alert dialog box.

ProgressDialog: This dialog box displays a progress wheel or a progress bar. It is an extension of AlertDialog and supports adding buttons.

DatePickerDialog: This dialog box is used for selecting a date by the user.

TimePickerDialog: This dialog box is used for selecting time by the user.

Hedging is a tool to minimize the risks. It is thus like an 'insurance' where one pays a premium but gets an assured amount in case of some uncertain event to the extent of the loss actually suffered on an equally opposite position for which the hedge was done. Thus, hedger is different from arbitrageur and speculators, as the intention here is not to maximize the profit but to minimize the loss.

E.g. In Capital Markets, suppose an investor has an equity portfolio of Rs. 2 lacs and the portfolio consists of all the major stocks of NIFTY. He thinks the market will improve in the long run but might go on a downside in the shortrun. NIFTY today stands at 4300. To minimize the risk of downfall, he enters into an option contract by buying NIFTY-PUT of strike 4300 at a premium of, say, Rs. 100. Thus, the actual amount paid is Rs. 5,000(lot size of NIFTY is 50). Also, the number of NIFTY-PUTs to be bought will vary on the beta of the portfolio so as to completely hedge the positon. 

Syntax:

SORT   file-1 ON ASCENDING/DESCENDING KEY key....

USING  file-2

GIVING file-3.

USING can be substituted by INPUT PROCEDURE IS para-1 THRU para-2

GIVING can be substituted by OUTPUT PROCEDURE IS para-1 THRU para-2.

file-1 is the sort workfile and must be described using SD entry in FILE SECTION.

file-2 is the input file for the SORT and must be described using an FD entry in FILE SECTION and SELECT clause in FILE CONTROL.

file-3 is the outfile from the SORT and must be described using an FD entry in FILE SECTION and SELECT clause in FILE CONTROL.

file-1, file-2 & file-3 should not be opened explicitly.

INPUT PROCEDURE is executed before the sort and records must be RELEASEd to the sort work file from the input procedure.

OUTPUT PROCEDURE is executed after all records have been sorted. Records from the sort work file must be RETURNed one at a time to the output procedure.

Accounts Receivables help small businesses by providing short-term liquidity. Also continued sales on credit provide the much needed continuity for small businesses.