Questions

Solar radiation instruments may be produced to measure different types of solar energy. When sunlight encounters the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is absorbed or scattered by water vapor, aerosols, clouds, and other air molecules. The radiation which penetrates to the Earth's surface is termed direct solar radiation.

A thermopile pyranometer is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar radiation on a planar surface and it is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m2) from the hemisphere above within a wavelength range 0.3 μm to 3 μm.

Dry ice or Cardice is the solid form of Carbon dioxide.

1. It has an advantage of lower temperature than the water ice and doesn't leave any residue.

2. The reason why it is called as Dry ice is because unlike the normal ice, it won't melt into liquid form. It directly evaporates into the air as gas. That is Solid to gas form passing through liquid state is a phenomenon called as Sublimation.

3. The primary use of dry ice is as cooling agent.

$$\begin{gathered} 32oF \\ We know that \\ T(°F) = T(°C) × 1.8 + 32 \\ 32(°F) = 0(°C) \end{gathered}$$

Hierarchy is a system of ranking in which members of a particular society are ranked in an ascending order depending on various factors.

Hence, the term hierarchy refers to a power structure in which each member knows his or her own place.

No Financial Emergency has been imposed on the country so far. Article 360 deals with Financial Emergency. (This article, however,shall not apply to the state of Jammu and Kashmir)