Questions

Japan's - Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has successfully launched the world's smallest rocket with the ability to put a tiny satellite into orbit. Rocket -  SS-520 which was pnce failed in 2017 lifted off from the Space Center carrying a microsatellite TRICOM-1R, a three-unit CubeSat weighing about 3 kilograms. The CubeSat will now be used to collect images of the Earth's surface via multiple cameras.

The P wave in the ECG represents atrial depolarization, which results in atrial contraction, or atrial systole.

The P wave is a summation wave generated by the depolarization front as it transits the atria.

True, The luster of a metal is due to presence of free electrons. Luster means shine or soft glow. We know that metals have the quality of reflecting light from its surface.

Adders are generally of five types:

1.Ripple Carry Adder:

The Ripple carry adder(RCA) consists of a building block named Half Adder(HA) which is cascaded to form a Full Adder(FA). These buildingblocks HAs and FAs are also the building blocks of all types of adders.The n full adders are cascaded to form n bit RCA.

The full adder has three input pins(input Ai,input Bi,carryin Ci) and two output pins(Sum and Ci+1).Its equations are:

Sum=Ai^Bi^Ci

Ci+1=Ai.Bi+Bi.Ci+Ai.Ci

2. Carry Lookahead Adder:

The Carry Lookahead Adder(CLA) reduces the delay as that in RCA. Let Gi=Ai.Bi, and Pi=Ai^Bi, then Ci+1=Gi+Pi.Ci.

The expressions for Sum and Ci+1 is then defined completely in terms of input pins rather wait for input carry to appear.

3. Carry Select Adder:

The carry select adder uses duplicate modules for each combination of input carry(i.e. 1 and 0).The multiplexers then select the appropriate sum and carry output according to the carry output of the preceding stages.

4. Carry Skip Adder:

The carry skip adder are as fast as carry lookahead adders which are the fastest adders but its spped decreases to about 20-30% if input operands are 64-bit or more. In these adders we divide the input bit stream into various blocks and make use of two observations:

-if each element of the two bit streams are unequal,i.e. Ai!=Bi than the carry input of the block is equal to the carry input.

-if each element of the two bit streams are equal,i.e. Ai=Bi than the carry input of the block is opposite of the carry input.

5. Carry Save Adder:

The carry save adder reduces the addition of three elements into addition of two elements,i.e. if you want sum of nine numbers it reduces it into sum of six numbers. In first step the sum of three numbers is calculated without bothering for the carry.During the second step only carry is calculated which is then added to the generated sum to give the required sum. 

The process that allows a network to self-repair networks problems. The stations on the network notify the other stations on the ring when they are not receiving the transmissions. Beaconing is used in Token ring and FDDI networks.