Chemistry Questions

Covalent bonding occurs when pairs of electrons are shared by atoms. Atoms will covalently bond with other atoms in order to gain more stability, which is gained by forming a full electron shell. By sharing their outer most (valence) electrons, atoms can fill up their outer electron shell and gain stability.

Examples of compounds with covalent bonds ::

HCl, CO2, O2,... 

Br-Br.

In Br2, two of the same atoms, pull on each side of the bond is equal making it as non-polar.

The other options all include a significantly more electronegative atom (the oxygens and the chlorine), so those bonds are all polar covalent.

The acid and the nitrite form nitrous acid which then reacts with the amine.

Ionisation energy is the energy required to remove one mole of electrons from one mole of gaseous atoms. Atoms are more stable when they have full valence shells.

The ionization energy decreases from top to bottom in groups, and increases from left to right across a period.

HGence, in this trend Francium (Fr) has the lowest ionization energy.

One turn of the citric acid cycle produces

1. Two molecules of carbon dioxide are released.

2. One molecule of ATP or GTP is produced.

3. Tree molecules of NADH and one molecule of FADH2 are generated.

Bromine is the Non metal found in liquid state.