Questions

Electrons are stripped from water in the light reactions of photosynthesis. Light provides the energy to excite electrons.

ATP and NADPH are both products of the light reactions and are used to power the Calvin cycle.

Each state in the U.S. has a state legislature. The state legislatures main purpose is to make and pass laws at the state level.

An integral part to each state government - indeed where the people of each state are best represented - is the state legislature.

State legislatures are the respective representative bodies for the people of each state.
The primary responsibility of any state legislature is to design, draft, and vote on bills and laws to govern each state. Bills and laws generally go through several committees prior to being voted on in the entire assembly, through which the bills and laws are changed, amended, or killed altogether.

One way is shorting the two inputs of the NAND gate and passing the input.

truth table:

A B output

1 1 0

0 0 1

The second way is passing the input to only one input (say A) of the NAND gate. Since the other input  (say B is floating, it is always logic one.

Truth table:

A B output

1 1 0 

0 1 1

Regular dividend payments are signals that a company is healthy and profitable. Also, issuing dividends can attract investors (shareholders). Finally, a company may distribute earnings to shareholders if it lacks profitable investment opportunities.