All living cells arise from pre-existing cells is one component of the cell theory.

The Cell Theory is one of the basic principles of biology.

The Cell Theory states:

1. All living organisms are composed of cells. They may be unicellular or multicellular.

2. The cell is the basic unit of life.

3. Cells arise from pre-existing cells.

CPU speed is the central factor in a computer's performance. And this CPU speed depends on the processor in the CPU chip. In a computer, clock speed refers to the number of pulses per second generated by an oscillator that sets the tempo for the processor. Clock speed is usually measured in Hertz (Hz).

But now-a-days, a pure processor's performance is measured in MIPS (Millions of Instructions Per Second). As here in the question, how a processor's speed is measured is asked and it is Hertz. 

Hence, Processor's speed of a computer is measured in Hertz(Hz) [MHz, GHz].

Encoding refers to the getting information into memory.

The principles of joint operations are formed around the traditional principles of war.

The other three additional principles include restraint, perseverance, and legitimacy which are relevant to how the Armed Forces of the United States use combat power across the range of military operations.

Let the cost price of the item = Rs. 50

Sold at 10% loss => for Rs. 50 loss  S.P = Rs. 45

From the  given data,

25/2 % gain if it is sold at Rs. 9 more

56.25 - 45 = 9

=> 11.25 = 9

=> 22.5 = 18

=> 45 = 36

=> 50 = ?

=> C.P = 50 x 3645 = 40

Hence, the Cost price of the item = Rs. 40.

The standard deduction of Rs. 40,000 is seek to provide relief to salaried tax payers in the Budget proposals in place of the present exemption allowed for transport allowance and reimbursement of miscellaneous medical expenses.

The primary function of State government is enforcing laws regarding the public safety.

From the aboe given options, only extreme and unexplained tiredness is the symptom of AIDS.

The other symptoms of AIDS include: recurring fever, thrush — a thick, whitish coating of the tongue or mouth that's caused by a yeast infection and sometimes accompanied by a sore throat, diarrhea that lasts more than a week, headaches, lightheadedness, and/or dizziness.