SHORT is the required five letter word, which becomes SHORTER when two letters 'ER' are added to it.

A bootstrap is the process of starting up a computer. It also refers to the program that initializes the operating system (OS) during start-up.

It referred to a bootstrap load button that was used to initiate a hardwired bootstrap program, or smaller program that executed a larger program such as the OS.

Monosaccharides, also called simple sugars, are the most basic units of carbohydrates. They are fundamental units of carbohydrates and cannot be further hydrolyzed to simpler compounds.

Hence, Monosaccharides can be classified according to the spatial arrangement of their atoms is true about Monosaccharides.

In Mitosis, one parent cell divides into 2 daughter cells with identical chromosomal number. However, in Meiosis, one diploid parent cell divides into 4 haploid daughter cells.

A stub network has only one default path to non-local hosts and no outside network knowledge. Non-local stub network traffic uses a single logical path when traveling in and out of the network.

Stub networks are essentially local area networks (LAN) that either do not connect to the outside and relay data packets internally or are dead-end LANs that know of only one network exit. Stub networks may have multiple connections but use one path to single points of destination.

Hence, a stub network is a network that has only one entry and exit point.

The IUPAC nomenclature in organic chemistry is a systematic method that is used to name organic chemical compounds as recommended by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC).

The IUPAC name of the given complex [Co (NH₃)₄Cl₂ ]Cl is - Tetra-ammine dichloro cobalt (III) chloride.

The complex [Co (NH₃)₄ Cl₂ ] Cl ionizes an aqueous solution to furnish the chloride ion Cl⁻ and [Co (NH₃)₄ Cl₂ ] ⁺.

All of the genetic information in a cell was initially thought to be confined to the DNA in the chromosomes of the cell nucleus.

It is now known that small circular chromosomes, called extranuclear, or cytoplasmic, DNA, are located in two types of organelles found in the cytoplasm of the cell.

These organelles are the mitochondria in animal and plant cells and the chloroplasts in plant cells.

Chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) contains genes that are involved with aspects of photosynthesis and with components of the special protein-synthesizing apparatus that is active within the organelle.

Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) contains some of the genes that participate in the conversion of the energy of chemical bonds into the energy currency of the cell—a chemical called adenosine triphosphate (ATP)—as well as genes for mitochondrial protein synthesis.