Solar radiation instruments may be produced to measure different types of solar energy. When sunlight encounters the Earth's atmosphere, some of it is absorbed or scattered by water vapor, aerosols, clouds, and other air molecules. The radiation which penetrates to the Earth's surface is termed direct solar radiation.

A thermopile pyranometer is a type of actinometer used for measuring solar radiation on a planar surface and it is designed to measure the solar radiation flux density (W/m2) from the hemisphere above within a wavelength range 0.3 μm to 3 μm.

The commercialization of agriculture means that the agricultural crops and goods are produced by the peasants for sale in the market and not for their own consumption.

Commercialisation of agriculture is a phenomenon where agriculture is governed by commercial consideration i.e. certain specialised crops began to be grown not for consumption in village but for sale in national and even in international market.

Commercialization of agriculture in India began during the British rule.

Emergence of two great power blocs:

Two power blocs came into existence after the Second World War. The United States of America and Soviet Russia became two Super Powers. They tried to dominate over other countries in their own way. Ultimately, it gave a headache to the world.

The Cold War was a state of political and military tension after World War II between powers in the Western Bloc (the United States, its NATO allies and others) and powers in the Eastern Bloc (the Soviet Union and its allies in the Warsaw Pact).

In scouts, the military and most outdoor books or schools teach the COLDER principal. It is a great acronym for caring and using you clothing.

C - keep your clothing CLEAN. Dirt can break down the fibers of your clothing.

O - don't OVERHEAT. Sweat can lessen the effectiveness of clothing.

L - wear you clothes LOOSE and in LAYERS. Makes your system versatile.

D - stay DRY.

E - EXAMINE your clothing. Look for worn or damaged areas of you clothing.

R - REPAIR any damage that is found.

Rain is what only comes down but never goes up.

Tally is one of the best business accounting software for accounting, inventory, payroll. It is economical and one of the most popular ERP software solutions available in the industry.

Tally, an accounting software was developed by the multinational company TCS - Tata Consultancy Services.

We know that, proteins are polymers of amino acids. So, plants are also used to synthesise protein from amino acids. Hence, plants synthesis protein from amino acids in the presence of ATP by specific synthetases.

Common properties of Minerals are :

1. All minerals are formed in a natural process.

2. Minerals are inorganic

3. Minerals are crystalline solids.

4. Every mineral is an element or compound with a definite chemical composition.