Questions

Application layer protocol defines types of messages exchanged, message format, syntax and semantics and rules for when and how processes send and respond to messages.

Upari refers to a category of tenancy tenure held under the Maratha Regime.The Government used to assign land to various cultivators for cultivation and getting maximum revenue. The land allotted to original settlers of villages came to be known as Mirasi land whereas the land assigned to the migrant settlers was known as the Upari land.

$pwd - present working directory

The Participative leadership style is characterized by 1) allowing a great deal of freedom in identifying problems and solutions, 2) working closely with subordinates, 3) allows extensive participation, but 4) reserving to him/herself the final decision. The consultative style is not so open, with discussion more focused around the leader’s uncertainties than asking for new ideas.

Pulmonary abscess is a type of liquefactive necrosis of the lung tissue. 

Hence, Localized area of pus formation in the lungs is Pulmonary abscess.