Biology Questions

A nucleotide is an organic molecule that is the building block of DNA and RNA. They also have functions related to cell signaling, metabolism, and enzyme reactions. A nucleotide is made up of three parts: a phosphate group, a 5-carbon sugar, and a nitrogenous base. The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine. RNA contains uracil, instead of thymine. 

A nucleotide within a chain makes up the genetic material of all known living things.

As an infant, the ability to produce antibodies is limited.

Fermentation is the chemical breakdown of a substance by bacteria, yeasts, or other microorganisms, typically involving effervescence and the giving off of heat.

The two most common types of fermentation are

(1) alcoholic fermentation (and) 

(2) lactic acid fermentation.

(1) Alcoholic fermentation : the type of fermentation in which ethyl alcohol is the main end product .This is very common in yeast (unicellular fungus) and also seen in some bacteria. Yeast cells release enzymes called zymase complex which bring about the fermentation. The reactions are similar to anaerobic respiration.

(2) Lactic acid fermentation : The type of fermentation in which lactic acid is the end product.

It is carried out by some bacteria (e.g. lactic acid bacteria), and also by animals (muscle glycolysis in animals, under oxygen deficiency, results in the formation of lactic acid this is whay we experience in muscle cramps, or "Charley horse").

While plant cells have chloroplasts to photosynthesize, they also require ATP for cellular functions, and do use oxygen to break down some of the sugar they produce in order to generate that ATP. Cellular respiration takes place in the mitochondria. They need mitochondria for this reason.
Hence with this logic, we can say that Plants cells have mitochondria.

Deficiency of Vitamin C causes Scurvy, Swelling of gums etc.Vitamin K causes Non-clotting of blood ,Vitamin D causes Rickets in children and Osteomalasia in adults, Vitamin B 1 causes Beriberi,B2 causes Cracking of skin,reddish eye,cracking of tongue,B3 causes Whitening of hair ,mentally retardness ,B5 causes Pallagra or 4D syndrome,B6 causes Anemia,skin disease ,B7 causes Paralysis,hair falling,B11 causes Dysentery and B12 causes Jaundice and Teroile Glutemi

The energy in most ecosystems comes from sun light.

The basic unit of the nervous system is the Neurons.

The neuron is a single nerve cell, and you have billions of them.

There are three basic types of neurons::

1. Association,

2. Afferent  and

3. Efferent.

The association neurons comprise the central nervous system (CNS) that is the brain and spinal cord.

The afferent neurons are also known as the sensory neurons, they bring the stimuli from the sensors (e.g., skin, eyes, ears) to the CNS.

The efferent neurons are also known as motor neurons, they bring the responses from the brain to the muscles and the glands.