Questions

 Capital of Kazakhsthan is Astana

Competition  occurs when two or more organisations act independently to supply their products to the same group of consumers.

There are mainly two cases when firms can compete. One is price where firms are selling identical or very similar products, they must compete on price with each firm trying to undercut the others. The other is differentiation. A non-price competition depends on making a product different from those of competitors and by giving it distinctive qualities that are valued by the target market. This might include branding, styling, special features or higher levels of customer service. Good competition provides more options to customers and also brings with it improved  customer services.

Africa - 54 countries

South America - 12 countries

Antarctica - 0 countries

Europe - 43 countries.

Hence, Antarctica continent has the least countries.

An Umbrella.

Yes, when it is open it can't be fit under a chimney but when it is closed it can be fit down a chimney.

The Tripitaka was Written in Third Century bce(beginning of the common era).

The Tripitaka (called Tipitaka in Pali) is the earliest collection of buddhist writings. Initially, they were composed orally.

In 1950 India's first Prime Minister Shri JawaharlalNehru was awarded with India's highest civilian honour BharatRatna.

Paper production is basically a two-step process in which a fibrous raw material is first converted into pulp, and then the pulp is converted into paper. The harvestedwood is first processed so that the fibres are separated from the unusable fraction of the wood, the lignin. Pulp making can be done mechanically or chemically. In the chemical pulping process, alkali (e.g., sodium hydroxide in the form of a lye or caustic soda) is usually used to remove the lignin that binds the fibres. So, for degumming of raw material, caustic soda is used.