Questions

The first computers used vacuum tubes for circuitry and magnetic drums for memory, and were often enormous, taking up entire rooms.

Any factor limiting the size of a population whose effect is not dependent on the number of individuals in the population, then such factor is called Density Independent Factor. It is things that the organisms have no control over.

Here in the given options, food shortage and disease are factors that are dependent on the number of population but Floods have no dependency.

Some examples of density independent factors are :: Earth quake, fires, volcanic eruptions, floods, and  all natural calamities.

The side view mirror, in all the vehicles we use only convex mirror. This mirror makes the objects and small to show them in the mirror. That's why in all such mirrors, "Ojects in the mirror are closer than they appear."

Our atmosphere is made up of

78% Nitrogen,

21% Oxygen and

1% all other gases like argon, carbon dioxide, neon, and helium.

So, Nitrogen makes up the majority of our atmosphere.

Stoichiometry is a branch of chemistry deals with the calculations on reactants and products. It is based on the Law of conservation of mass where total mass of reactants is equal to total mass of products.

a.) Testing and Debugging 

Testing is process of verifying if the application matches requirements and reporting bugs; Testing is usually done by an independent testing team while debugging is a process of finding and fixing bugs with the intention of reducing bugs; Debugging is usually done by the programmer.

b.) Two tier and Three tier architecture

In a two tier architecture there is a data server and a client application. Client application directly accesses the server data. In a three tier architecture there is a data server, a client application and a server application. Client application calls the server application which in turn fetches data from the data server and returns back to client application.

c.) Alpha testing and Beta testing

Alpha testing is conducting acceptance testing in the environment where the application was developed. It is done by the customer. Beta testing is conducting acceptance testing is the customer environment. It is done by the group of customers or users who will actually be using it.

d.) Static testing and dynamic testing

Static testing is checking the application without actually running the application whereas dynamic testing checks the application by running it.