Questions

Throughput : number of processes that complete their execution per time unit.

Turnaround time : amount of time to execute a particular process.

Waiting time : amount of time a process has been waiting in the ready queue.

Response time : amount of time it takes from when a request was submitted until the firstresponse is produced, not output (for time-sharing environment).

A sweat equity share is an equity share issued by the company to employees or directors at a discount or for consideration other than cash for providing know-how or making available rights in the nature of intellectual property rights or value additions.

A Contact force is a force applied to a body by another body that is in contact with it. Contact force acts on a point of direct contact between the two objects. This force can either be continuous as a continuous force or can be momentary in the form of an impulse. Contact force is governed by Newton’s Laws.

Examples :: Contact force is responsible for most of the interactions we experience in the daily life.

1. Writing your name with a pen, pushing a car up a hill, lifting an object, etc...

2. Kicking a ball, hammering a nail, etc...

are some of the everyday examples where contact forces are at work.

In the first case, the force is continuously applied by the person on the car or pen or an object while in the second case the force is delivered in a short impulse.

Contact forces are often decomposed into orthogonal components

one perpendicular to the surface in contact called the normal force, and

one parallel to the surface in contact, called the friction force.

Processes that require or give off heat will be limited to changes of state, known as phase changes, and changes in chemical constitution, or chemical reactions. Changes of state involve a solid melting, a liquid freezing, a liquid boiling or a gas condensing.

An exothermic process is one that gives off heat, which is transferred to the surroundings. An endothermic process is a reaction which heat has to be supplied to the system from the surroundings.

Here in all the given options, heat is taken away from them to change there phase. 

Liquid to Solid --- Freezing

Gas to Liquid --- Condensation

Gas to Solid --- Deposition 

are all examples of exothermic processes.

ICMP means Internet Control Message Protocol and is always coupled with the IP protocol (There are 2 ICMP variants one for IPv4 and one for IPv6.) echo request and echo response are the two operation codes of ICMP used to implement ping.