In each row, the second figure is obtained from the first figure by adding two mutually perpendicular line segments at the centre and the third figure is obtained from the first figure by adding four circles outside the main figure.
The each degree of latitude is equals to 111 kms approx (69 miles). As Earth is lightly ellipsoid in shape it changes at equator and poles from 110.5 kms to 111.7 kms respectively.