Network Engineer Questions

The OSI Model is used as a reference model.

The primary reason the OSI model was created was so that different networks could inter-operate. Hence, different networks could communicate.

A computer system consists of two major elements: hardware and software. Computer hardware is the collection of all the parts you can physically touch. Computer software, on the other hand, is not something you can touch. Software is a set of instructions for a computer to perform specific operations. You need both hardware and software for a computer system to work.

10 examples of computer hardware are ::

1. Monitor

2. Motherboard

3. CPU(Microprocessor) 

4. Main memory(RAM)

5. Expansion cards 

6. Power supply unit

7. Optical disc drive 

8. Hard disk drive (HDD)

9. Keyboard

10. Mouse

A layer of a glass surrounding the center fiber of glass inside a fiber-optic cable.

OSI layer 1 defines the standards for cabling and connectors.

Computer Architecture refers to how a computer system is designed and what technologies it is compatible with. In brief, Computer architecture is a specification detailing how a set of software and hardware technology standards interact to form a computer system or platform.  

The Von Neumann Architecture, which is also known as the Von Neumann Model and Princeton architecture, is a computer architecture based on the 1945 description of computer by the mathematician and physicist John von Neumann.

C++ is not an Operating System.

An Operating System is a collection of system programs that manages all the other programs application programs in a computer as well as the allocation and use of hardware resources such as the CPU, Memory and the Hard Disk Drive.

It acts as an interface between the hardware and the user level program.

It controls and facilitates the overall operation of a computer. 

Here

UNIX : UNIX is a popular multi-user, multitasking operating system (OS) developed at Bell Labs.

Windows NT : Windows NT is a family of operating systems produced by Microsoft, the first version of which was released in July 1993.

DOS : DOS is Disk Operating System. The term DOS can refer to any operating system.

C++ : C++ is a programming language and computing platform.

Hence, C++ is not an Operating System.

Using automatically incrementing IDENTITY columns is very popular with database developers. You don’t need to explicitly calculate unique surrogate keys when inserting new data, the IDENTITY column functionality does that for you. The IDENTITY feature also allows you to specify useful Seed and Increment properties. When you use an INSERT statement to insert data into a table with an IDENTITY column defined, SQL Server will generate a new IDENTITY value.

You can use the @@IDENTITY variable and the SCOPE_IDENTITY and IDENT_CURRENT functions to return the last IDENTITY value that has been generated by SQL Server. This is very useful when you need to return the key for the row that has just been inserted, back to the caller.

Impact Analysis is used in software testing to define all the risks associated with any kind of changes in a product being tested.

Impact Analysis is nothing but analyzing the impact of changes in the deployed product or application. It gives the information about the areas of the system that may be affected due to the change in the particular section or features of the application.

Why Impact Analysis is done :

1. It is done to understand the possible outcome of implementing the change. Inducing too much functionality into a product can reduce the overall performance of the product.

2. To identify all the files, documents and models that might have to be modified if team decides to implement the change in product

3. To estimate the effort needed behind implementing the change

4. To identify the task required to implement the change

5. It will list the dependencies on a specific element

The impact is analyzed on Requirements, Design & Architecture, impact on Test and impact on schedule.