Questions

There are 13 colonies and are ruled by England.

The farthest north colony - Massachusetts

The farthest south colony - Georgia

The oldest colony - Virginia

The colony between the 2 parts of Massachusetts - New Hampshire

Budapest is the capital of Hungary

Grand Central Terminal, Chicago(USA).

The Length of the Day is determined in Astronomical Units.

The length of a day corresponds to the time the Earth takes to turn around on its axis, which is approximately 24 hours. But it's not exactly 24 hours. 

This phenomenon is due to tides raised by the Moon which slow Earth's rotation. Because of the way the second is defined, the mean length of a day is now about 86 400.002 seconds, and is increasing by about 1.7 milliseconds per century.

'Rare earth'(They are all metals)

Electronegativity is the tendency for an atom to attract electrons. There are general trends on the periodic table which you can use to determine the relative electronegativity for different elements, but otherwise you can also look at their valence shell and effective nuclear charge to determine their relative electronegativity.

Here from the given options, Lithium has least tendency to attract electrons and thus has a lower electronegativity.

A person who believes in fate is called as Fatalist or also called as Determinist or Predestinarianist.